Lack Of Unity For A Democracy Essay - 2276 Words

Lack of Unity in Minneapolis Humans naturally identify themselves with subgroups in a population, rather than an entire population. In the past, people were separated into aristocracies and distinct social classes by the ruling government, controlling the contact and enforcing a lack of equality between the wealthy and poor. While there are no laws today that prevent interaction between socioeconomic classes, people tend to stick by the people they can relate to. Alexis de Tocqueville’s Democracy in America argues that due to everyone’s equality in a democracy, people naturally divide into various small, select circles based on common interests. These interests will ultimately lead to a lack of unity. This is exactly what is occurring in my hometown Minneapolis. French political scientist and historian Alexis de Tocqueville equates democracy to equality. For his time, American democracy of one man, one vote, was equality. A poor, white, landowning man over the age of 21 could vote in America. This was the basis of Tocqueville’s sense of equality, that no matter a man’s social status, he could vote. Tocqueville wrote, â€Å"All classes†¦ communicate and intermingle every day† (Tocqueville 39). This was drastically different from Europe and France at the time, however, class divides once seen in Europe never did disappear in America. Democracy gave poor people the ability to interact with those of a higher economic standing, yet their private lives often stayed contained withinShow MoreRelatedThe Different Forms Of Government, Friendship, Trust, And Prosperity1482 Words   |  6 Pagesvalues of human nature like religion, friendship, trust, and prosperity. Aquinas states that government is to serve the people while taking into account peace and unity because â€Å"the good and wellbeing of a community united in fellowship lies in the preservation of its unity† (p 10). He explains that without fellowship there can be no unity and that we can fi nd fellowship through trust and well-being. Peace gives community a sense of harmony through nonviolence and the freedom from war. We find thatRead MoreWhy The North Won The Civil War995 Words   |  4 Pagesconfederate states which prevented their victory. In my opinion, Donald seems to argue that the biggest reasons behind the failure of the confederate states were not a shortage of resources, but the absence of economic unity, weak military leadership, European neutrality, surplus of democracy, and numerous partitions within the political parties. The five essays written by various expertise and compiled by Donald to provide in-depth information on major factors involved in the Civil War are impeccableRead MoreA Democratic Government986 Words   |  4 Pagesstrongest democracies flourish from frequent and lively debate, but they endure when people of every background and belief find a way to set aside smaller differences in service of a greater purpose† (Obama, 2009). F ellow survivors, I ask you to imagine a year from now and envisage the society you want to be a part of. It has been three weeks since the disaster. Fear and confusion are rampant within the fragments of our society, productivity is at an all time low and our community lacks structureRead MorePolitical Exclusion : A Universal Norm1731 Words   |  7 Pagesunfairness is what motivates current efforts at improve democratic representation. Thus, exploring whether the liberal democracy suitable for the promotion of peace and stability appears relevant in Africa. The hallmark of liberal democracy is to maximizing the interests of individuals and groups. This is the main reason for the critics to symbolise it as the interest-based model of democracy. The presumption is that the interest of society is the aggregate of individual’s preferences in a rational processRead MoreConstitutional Convention Research Paper747 Words   |  3 Pages Although the constitution is an exciting step towards democracy, there are still several issues in it. While Lijphart’s PR model is appealing, a FPTP system would be far more effective in satisfying our ethnic group interests and the interests of the nation as a whole. Proportional representation could continue the historical divide of ethnic groups, but continuing that divide is not in the national interest. The national interest is unity, and the vision is that the Big, the Tiny, the Medium, andRead MoreDemocracy : A Democratic Society Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pages Democracy can be defined as government that exist for the people in which the supreme power is vested in the people. There are certain fundamental characteristics, principals, and values that should be held within a democracy. Popular sovereignty establishes the people as the ultimate source of authority of the government and their sovereignties should be reflected through the political system. There should be institutional and procedural limitation on government power. This includes the separationRead MoreThe August Crisis : An Insider s View1596 Words   |  7 PagesPierre Schinder, who believed that â€Å"in Canada, democracy never existed.† This statement supports Pelletier’s proposal that extremists ignore the political foundation of Canada. However, Tetley critiques Schinder for his admiration of Louis Joseph Papineau, a Quebec patriot, due to the fact that Papineau â€Å"opposed the use of force by his followers.† Therefore, Tetley believes the democracy that the FLQ targeted is in itself a greater Canadian democracy, which has managed to unify the rest of the nationRead MoreThe Unity Of Greek Unity1329 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay I will show that Greek unity was barely present in the early 5th century BC, and that the poleis involved in either the Ionian revolt(499-494BC) or the Persian invasion of Greece(480-479BC) were acting largely in their own self-interest. Herodotus in particular overly emphasises the degree to which the Greeks were concerned about liberty in regard to Persian rule, and the extent of any common Greek identity between the cities. For many cities, the reality was that they were massivelyRead More Foundations of Political Thought Essays1664 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle and Socrates and Plato’s beliefs have similarities mainly evident in their denouncement of democracy for the state. The views of Socrates expressed and written by his pupil Plato are vastly philosophical in nature and he promotes the idea of questioning life to achieve insight. The philosophers who possess the absolute truth are the best equipped to rule society according to Plato and his Allegory of the Cave. Conversely, Aristotle takes a more political science approach of discussingRead MoreEssay on Is Democracy Sustainable in Latin America?1274 Words   |  6 PagesIs Democracy Sustainable in Latin America? In order to determine if democracy is sustainable in Latin America, it is important to understand or at least have an idea of what democracy is. There are several types of democracy and each is different. According to the English dictionary, democracy is â€Å" a government by the people; especially: rule of the majority by a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them

Globalization Of Business Ethics Essay - 1851 Words

â€Å"The more one knows ethics, the more it is used and the more useful it becomes†-Plato, The quote by Plato is a reminder on just how important ethics is and how important it is to educate yourself on proper ethical practices. In the following paper I would like to look at the topic of global business ethics. Recent studies in business ethics have shown both remarkable similarities and differences across cultures with respect to attitudes toward questionable business practices. First I would like to talk about the affect that culture has on ethical behavior. Next, I would like to talk about ethical complexities and challenges facing businesses that operate internationally, mainly focusing in on multinational corporations and the ethical†¦show more content†¦In todays global marketplace, we must all be willing to understand the cultural differences in others in order to cooperatively do business across borders. Employing the values of the culture is often difficult when dealing with other cultures. It is possible that the values of one culture do not align with the cultures of another. One culture might view innovation as bad rather than progress, while another might view slow decision-making as laziness rather than caution. Corporations must be willing to work together to compromise, not abandon some values in order to create initiatives, which are mutually beneficial (Storm, 2007). Primary cultural values are transmitted to a cultures members by parenting and socialization, education, and religion. There are also secondary factors that affect ethical behavior. They include differences in the systems of laws across nations, accepted human resource management systems, organizational culture, and professional cultures and codes of conduct. There is common agreement that a countrys culture is directly related to the ethical behavior of its managers. The behavior is exhibited in two main ways: first, by overt actions such as public or corporate s tatements and actions about ethical behavior; second, by the collection of the group of ethical attitudes and values. One problem in dealing with culture is that it is difficult toShow MoreRelatedGlobalization of Business Ethics1895 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"The more one knows ethics, the more it is used and the more useful it becomes†-Plato, The quote by Plato is a reminder on just how important ethics is and how important it is to educate yourself on proper ethical practices. In the following paper I would like to look at the topic of global business ethics. Recent studies in business ethics have shown both remarkable similarities and differences across cultures with respect to attitudes toward questionable business practices. First I would like toRead MoreInternational Business : The Challenges Of Globalization963 Words   |  4 Pages Globalization nowadays is a very popular topic. With the rapid development of the economy, services and commercials trade between countr ies become more and more convent. The world becomes more and more like a global village. At the same time, it begins to have a deep influence on a company’s strategy plan which manager is involved in an international business market. In International Business: The Challenges of Globalization, I interested in PART 5 Chapter 2 Cross-Cultural Business. In my perviousRead MoreGlobal Problem Solving And Morals Cross1023 Words   |  5 Pageswhich has various consequent particular zones. (Global ethics and problem solving | Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability, n.d.) Two are mention below. Global rules and ethical globalization The main manages the moral routine of worldwide social relations, or as a standout amongst the most critical undertakings around there edges the objective, that of moral globalization. This incorporates work by the Ethical Globalization Initiative and others taking a shot at the moral parts ofRead MoreEthical Implications Of Business Morals1647 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness morals is a particular branch of morals concentrating on how moral guidelines apply to business associations and conduct. Accordingly, it can t be seen independently from the general thoughts of morals, and the general moral hypotheses apply to business morals too. Regulating moral hypothesis offers distinctive good speculations, each endorsing an arrangement of good decides that people can apply during the time spent choosing whether an activity is ethically right or wrong in differentRead MoreChallenges Faced By The Third Phase Of Globalization Essay961 Words   |  4 PagesWhat are the main challenges faced by managers in what has been called the â€Å"third Phase of globalization†? Introduction: The question asked for the challenges faced by managers in the â€Å"third phase of globalization.† The key words for this question is the â€Å"third phase of globalization.† Therefore, when we begin to find the challenges that managers would be faced. We need to understand the meaning of globalization, and what the third phase is. According to the book â€Å"culture in the age of three worlds†Read MoreMgt/230 Week 2 Team Assignment1684 Words   |  7 Pagesleadership applies the four functions to their day-to-day tasks, it is extremely important that things like; innovation, technology, globalization, ethics, and diversity are represented clearly within all aspects. The largest retailer in the world, Wal-Mart, takes these internal/external factors and incorporates them very effectively into every aspect of their business. The organization does an excellent job at teaching their management team to consider these aspects and include them when employingRead More Management Of The Globalization Of Business1102 Words   |  5 PagesManagement in the Globalization of Business By Daryle Brown Over the past few decades, the information age has had a major impact on business – one of the biggest being globalization. This has, out of necessity, changed how business is managed – and introduced new and fascinating facets and concerns for business management, as well. We’ll look at a few of them here: multinational corporations, culture shock experienced by managers working abroad, fair trade issues, ethical issues faced by managersRead MoreManagement and Company1613 Words   |  7 PagesInternal/External Factors Team B MGT 330 September 20, 2010 Joe Cheng Internal/External Factors Companies are being challenged every day with factors that affect their primary management functions. Globalization, technology, innovation, diversity, and ethics are just some of the factors companies are facing that can affect functions of management. Managers are trained to identify these factors and analyze how they will affect the functions of their management. Planning, organizingRead MoreChanging Role of Hr Management959 Words   |  4 Pagesdriven by e-business and technology need to be ready to respond and adapt to the environmental changes and should focus on satisfying the company’s customer needs. In this role, the HRM contributes proactively to the development of global strategic plans and objectives. This essay will explain the changing roles in human resources management to the trends of: (a) globalization, (b) technology, (d) diversity, (e) e-business, and (f) ethics. Globalization The globalization of a business is theRead MoreThe American Red Cross1243 Words   |  5 Pages(Mission statement,  para. 1). It claims a history of founding in 1881 in Washington D.C. by Clara Barton. Still operating today, 129 years later, is evidence of its success as an organization. It has endured despite the fact that the very nature of its business is tackling challenges. Following is an analysis of this organization based on the four basic functions widely accepted as the core roles of management: planning, organization, leading, and controlling. Additionally, delegation is discussed, as

HG Wells Essay Example For Students

HG Wells Essay H.G. Wells writings were influenced by things such as Darwinism, the first World War,and involved extensive predictions, futuristic inventions, and humor. Herbert George Wells was born in Bromely, Kent, England in 1866. His fatherwas a shopkeeper, and his mother was a house keeper. While Wells attended MorleysSchool in Bromely, most of his education came from reading. In 1874 Wells startedreading lots of books while he was laid up in bed with a broken leg. From 1880 to 1883Wells was a drapers apprentice in Windsor. After a year as a teacher in a private schoolWells won a scholarship to the Normal School of Science in South Kensington. Wellsdid well his first year, then faltered during his second year and left without a degree in1877. Wells did not get his B.S. degree until 1890. In 1891 Wells started teaching in a correspondence college, and got married tohis cousin Isabel. In 1895 he began his successful literary career with The TimeMachine. During this time he gave up teaching and left Isabel for one of his students,Amy Catherine Robbins. This caused him to write scientific romances such as TheIsland of Dr. Moreau, The Invisible Man, The War of the Worlds, and others. Wells dissliked the limitations of this type or writing so he started writing novelssuch as Love and Mr. Lewisham, Kipps, Tongo Bungay, and others. These novels arefull of a spirit of hostility to the victorian social order. Desiring to make explicit hiscriticisms of the past and hishopes for the future, Wells started his career as a prophetwith Anticipations, Mankind in the Making, A Modern Utopia. In 1911 Wells wrote his last novel of literary importance was The NewMachiavelli, which was inspired by his meeting with George Bernard Shaw and theFabian society. In 1912 Wells began a 10 year relationship with the writer RebeccaHenry James had sought to make Wells a disciplined artist in fiction, but Wellsseverely criticized him in his book Boon. During World War I, Wells proved to be anexcellent p ropagandist in Mr. Britling Sees it ThroughWells continued writing with Outline of History, The Science of Life, The OpenConspiracy: Blueprints For a World Revolutions, and several others. The influencesWells had on society were innumerable. He was a literary and a social figure. Hebelonged to the Fabian Society, which wants change through democratic reform. Hedefined a generation and their social and political view using martians and invisible men. Wells had a talent in writing and used it. H.G. Wells was a very talented writer. He used many many things in his writingssuch as a vivid reproduction of the things he has experienced, which is demonstrated inLove and Mr. Lewisham which talks about his student days ant South Kensington. healso uses a remorseless vision. The Time Machine shows his high measure of invention,with the idea of having a machine that can travel through time. Wells also showsunlimited ingenuity, and also seems to give an illusion of concrete reality. In many of hisworks Wells shows a rich vein of humor as you can read in Tongo Bungay. He also uses excellent descriptice power.Wells was also good at predicting things that would happenin the future. Wells foresaw aerial and chemical warefare, pollution of the environment,machines of war, genetic engineering, exhaustion of the Earths resources, and theBibliography:

Napster Debate Essays - Metallica, Napster, , Term Papers

Napster Debate The Napster Debate Essay written by keith 1. Background The Napster software (http://www.napster.com), launched early in 1999, allows internet users to share and download MP3 files directly from any computer connected to the Napster network. The software is used by downloading a client program from the Napster site and then connecting to the network through this software, which allows sharing (uploading and downloading) of MP3 files between all users connected to the network. While Napster does not condone copyright infringement, there is no opportunity in the software to stop this, or for royalties to be paid to artists whose songs are being duplicated for free. Unlike similar file-sharing applications (Gnutella, Freenet), Napster limits users to uploading/downloading of MP3 files only. These files are compressed wave (.wav) files. The advantage of MP3 files is that they are approximately one-tenth the size of the corresponding .wav file and can be close-to-CD-quality. It is for this reason that many artists, record labels and other music industry stakeholders are concerned by the MP3 file format and applications like Napster that simplify the sharing of copyrighted material. Other file formats in common use on the Internet are not as threatening to the recording industry; primarily due to the reduced quality of the recording. Real audio (.ra, .rm) files have reduced sound quality (comparable to radio) and are usually streamed over a different protocol, allowing people to listen to songs without having (or being able) to download the source files. Another 'music' file format common on the internet is the midi format. These files are of no threat to the music industry because the files are not actually a recording of the music; rather a set of instructions to the computer as to what sounds to play (and there is no way to duplicate vocal tracks). This file format is also becoming outdated and being used less and less. 2. Impact The reaction from recording artists, record labels and other music industry players has been varied, but primarily anti-Napster. The first action to be taken against Napster was by the band Metallica. In April of this year, they sued Napster Inc for copyright infringement. The case was settled out of court when Napster agreed to ban some 300,000 users who had allegedly downloaded Metallica songs. Again in June Napster Inc was sued for copyright infringement by The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), a trade group representing the US recording industry, alleging Napster is enabling and encouraging the illegal copying and distribution of copyrighted music. Napster claims that Audio Home Recording Act that permits copying of material for personal use, allows it's uses to swap MP3s. Napster further claims immunity by defining the company as an ISP under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. The RIAA unsuccessfully applied to have an injunction to stop Napster's operations u ntil after the court case in September, so Napster will continue to operate until (and if) the court rules against Napster. Other artists and record labels (http://www.napster.com/speakout/artists.html and http://www.napster.com/speakout/labels.html) have responded to the advent of Napster and similar applications in a more positive way, embracing the new technology rather than rejecting it. On their website, the Offspring says MP3 technology and programs such as Napster [are] a vital and necessary means to promote music and foster better relationships with our fans. Interestingly enough, the Offspring's last album, Americana, was made available online illegally before commercially released, yet it is the band's best-selling album to date. Furthermore, a number of surveys have proven that Napster users actually buy more CDs, after 'sampling' the songs online (http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/1/12093.html). It is this issue that is at the core of the RIAA lawsuit, whether Napster and similar applications will mean reduced CD sales. Napster does challenge the traditional distribution of music (CDs, cass ettes, vinyl etc) but whether this should be viewed as a threat or simply a new medium to be exploited by the music industry is another issue. Some record labels, most notably Epitaph (http://www.epitaph.com) have partnered with sites like e-music.com to sell full albums and single songs in MP3 format over the web. In this case, the record company has in fact gained a new distribution method, rather than seeing it as the 'enemy'. Of course, in this

The pardoners tale

The pardoners tale The Pardoner's Greed The pardoner, in Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Pardoner's Tale," is a devious character. He is a man with a great knowledge of the Catholic Church and a great love of God. However, despite the fact that he is someone whom is looked at with respect at the time, the pardoner is nothing more than an imposter who makes his living by fooling people into thinking he forgives their sins, and in exchange for pardons, he takes their money. His sermon-like stories and false relics fool the people of the towns he visits and make him seem as a plausible man, which is exactly what the pardoner wants. In fact, the pardoner is an avaricious and deceitful character whose driving force in life is his motto, "Radix malorum est cupiditas," which is Latin for "greed is the root of evil." The pardoner's entire practice is based upon his motto and is motivated entirely by greed.The Pardoner, from Geoffrey Chaucer's The Pardoner...The pardoner is supposed to forgive sins, however, he views h is position as a scheme to make money and turns it into a fraud. His excellent speaking skills allow him to turn this profession into a scam. He attracts the people with his storytelling and his sermons, which are pleasing to them, "By God, I hope I shal yow telle a thyng / That shal by reson been at youre liking," (457-58). One example of a sermon about his motto is the tale of the three rioters. This tale gives an ironic explanation related to the rioters deaths, due to greed and the pardoners practice of his profession, which is also driven by greed (Rossignol, 267). He tells the people what they would like to hear, so that he may pull them into his trap and later cheat them out...

The eNotes Blog Shakespeare in His Time New Audio Guides for AuthenticPronunciation

Shakespeare in His Time New Audio Guides for AuthenticPronunciation Might the actors who comprised Lord Chamberlains Men have sounded more like Americans from the East Coast? That is the conclusion that Sir Trevor Nunn, former director of the Royal Shakespeare Theater, has come to, after working closely with the actor Kevin Spacey. However, the renowned Shakespeare scholar  John Barton, contends that the speech was likely a blend of both English and Irish accents. And some historians complain that the accent isnt as much of a problem as the pacing, which, they argue, is too slow in modern productions. In the past, you would have to attend a play in which the actors were truly trying to offer a real rendition of Shakespearean speech. But   now the British Library has taken the advice of those who have studied how to render authentic sixteenth century English dialect. Several audio versions have been released. Listen and judge for yourself: Extract from Romeo and Juliet:   Or, perhaps youre in the mood for a sonnet? Heres Sonnet 116: And here is another excerpt from  Macbeth: Ben Crystal, a British actor who has long advocated for making Shakespeare accessible, curated the ambitious project. For the first time in centuries, he explains, we have 75 recorded minutes of sonnets, speeches and scenes recorded as we hope Shakespeare heard them. It is, in short, Shakespeare as youve never heard him before. â€Å"The modern presentation of Shakespeares plays and poems in period pronunciation has already attracted a wide following, despite the fact that hardly any recordings have been publicly available, he said. For more information on the project, click here.

DQ1 What types of subjects should be discussed with the employee prior Essay

DQ1 What types of subjects should be discussed with the employee prior to the assignment DQ2 What types of data is needed to start the process of gaining an accurate assessment of the training needs - Essay Example ssing fundamental things with the employees before assignments especially difficulties that persons may encounter in the new countries to prepare them. The firm should also discuss with the workers how they would like to be compensated during or after the assignment. Additionally, the firms should discuss with the workers how they would benefit from the international assignments. Some of the benefits may include acquiring the international experience to gain promotions (Reiche & Harzing, 2009). Timely needs analysis is necessary for the training process to become effective. It is equally fundamental to acknowledge that training needs constitute the companies’ expectation after the training. Before the needs assessment, the company needs to have certain data types. The data includes the current performances of individual workers and their expected performances after the training (Barbazette, 2005). The data should also include the current general performance of the organization and the expected general performances following the training. An organization also needs to have information about the resources required to fulfill the training objectives. Additionally, the organization requires the trainees’ occupational data such as their skill and knowledge before and after training (Spectrum,

Concretising your discussion with reference to specific examples, Essay

Concretising your discussion with reference to specific examples, identify and discuss the main components of the ideology of the artist - Essay Example The term Gramsci is given to this socialization process of influencing people’s perceptions of society (Lye 1997). The concept of ideology essentially means beliefs, whether true or false, in society that has become institutionalized so they can serve the interests of a ruling class. Ideological beliefs are similar to propaganda but vary in the way that they are much more deeply embedded in the peoples conscious and influences how a person thinks about the society he or she lives in. For example, Americans tend to have certain beliefs about the nature of the democracy but may find democracies elsewhere alien if they do not follow the same pattern. Some beliefs configure our actions, like going to the polls to elect our leaders turns out to be a duty. Critics might mention that these beliefs might actually work against most people for the obscure interests of those leaders who rule America. Assuming the critic is right, then those would be ideological beliefs and represent a "false consciousness" about American democracy. The issue raised with the notion of ideology implies that there are objective truths in the world that do not depend on our idea of them in order for them to be true. The natural sciences were for quite some time in history considered as the only dependable starting place of these objective truths. The first followers of the concept of ideology supposed that by employing scientific methods, the false beliefs of ideology could be uncovered. Early Greeks thinkers contested the idea of objective truth by saying that truth lies in the eye of the beholder and that science reveals no hidden truths about the world but only helps us in reshaping things in a manner that suits the needs of the elite ruling classes. Without a clear idea of objective truth, the whole idea of ideology appears unfeasible. In history the concept of ideology

Discrimination Against Homosexuals in the Military Essay Example for Free

Discrimination Against Homosexuals in the Military Essay Since 1993 more than 14,500 service members were fired under the law of †Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell† (sldn. org). In 1950, President Harry S. signed the Uniform Code of Military Justice, which set up the discharge rules for homosexual service members. People wanting to serve their country were being discriminated and discharged because of their sexuality. Then in 1982, Ronald Reagan proposed a defense directive that states â€Å"Homosexuality is incompatible with military service† and people who engaged in homosexual acts or stated that they were homosexual or bisexual were discharged. In 1992, Bill Clinton, as a presidential candidate, promised to lift the ban. Finally in 1993, when Bill Clinton was elected president, he proposed a compromise that he named â€Å"Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell†. This law issued a defense directive that military applicants should not be able to be asked about their sexual orientation (Washington Post). Homosexuals being discriminated in the military have grabbed the attention of people all around the world. The question on whether or not homosexuals should have the right to serve in the military was a hotly debated topic in politics for the past few years. Even after the repeal of Don’t Ask Don’t Tell, will our society be ready to accept others? The research started with searching â€Å"Homosexuals in the military†. Then â€Å"Don’t Ask Don’t Tell† and personal stories of gays in the military was found. Unfortunately, no books could be found on this topic, but articles from top newspapers became a valid choice. Documentaries and podcasts were also looked at. Good sources were easy to find because the topic was so controversial in the US, so the news articles came in handy. The repeal of â€Å"Don’t Ask Don’t Tell† was all over US news websites, and news clips from YouTube were found. Last fall, a pentagon study was released that said a majority of the US forces, more than 70%, said that serving with homosexuals would have no negative effect on them. Forces fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan had a different response. 58% of combat marines said that they would prefer not to serve with homosexuals. Since the repeal in late September, the effect has been positive on quite a lot of people. The main people who are opposed to the repeal are the military chaplains. The majority of the 3,000 active chaplains are conservative Christians. A retired chaplain, named Brigadier General Douglas Lee, is one of the 66 retired chaplains that wrote a letter to President Obama, urging him to not go through with the repeal. In a video showing the effects (positive and negative) of the repeal, shows Brigadier General Douglas Lee talking about Don’t ask, Don’t Tell. He says, â€Å"Homosexuality is one of a multitude of sins. Chaplains help people wrestle with the sins that bisect them and their lives. The problem with this repeal is that this particular sin is being legitimized as being normal and okay†. The problem with the non acceptance of the chaplains is that many and most conservative Christians believe that homosexuality, like all of the other sins in the bible, is a lifestyle choice (Pbs. org). According to another Pentagon Study, thirty-five other countries allow homosexuals to serve openly with no negative effect (Sldn.  org). Consider two men, both wanting to serve their country, one is gay and one is straight. They get all of the same test scores, and pass, yet only the straight guy is let in, not because of anything else other than his sexuality. If the same circumstances had happened, instead with a man and a woman, it would be sexist. If one was white and the other was black, it would be racist. All of the victims of these situations would have protection under the law and could sue, except for the homosexual. The homosexual has no legal protection from the government (Library in a book: Gay Rights). The repeal could be the first step to changing this. September 20th 2011, Obama stated, â€Å"As of today, our armed forces will no longer lose the extraordinary skills and combat experience of so many gay and lesbian service members. And today, as Commander in Chief, I want those who were discharged under this law to know that your country deeply values your service†(UStoday. com). Military bases around the US have been holding sessions for service members to educate them on the repeal of â€Å"Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell†. They say, â€Å"You are not expected to change your religious or moral beliefs, however you are obligated to treat all others with dignity and respect† (Pbs. org). It seems as though that our society has been coping positively since the repeal. There are always going to be some people who will not stray from their views, but the percentages are going up and more and more people are willing to except homosexuals serving freely in the US.

Factors Which Shaped The Development Of Modern Criminology Criminology Essay

Factors Which Shaped The Development Of Modern Criminology Criminology Essay For years, the symbol of the future has been the coming of new decade; the arrival of new century. Whether the field is medicine, space exploration or criminal justice, that turn of the calendar has held unique fascination. Now as we approach the new decade, a new reality is forming from that fascination. Still distant enough to pique our curiosity but close enough that our expectations and analysis regarding crimes and punishment can be guided by reality, life in the next decade can be the focus of productive, justifiable and practical inquiry (Guha, 1999). Such inquiry can be useful to academics, law enforcers, public officials, planners, student and others for whom the future of crime and punishment is no abstraction but an important stage in their careers and their contributions. Past the year 2009, todays students will be tomorrows expert and have a dedication and experience to carry them into positions of leadership. Education today not only can describe crime and punishment as they are, but also help to prepare student by prompting them to consider what their future might be like (Barry,2003). Discussions: Modern Criminology is one of the fields of study and disciplines about criminals and criminal behavior. The development of the subject attempted to build theoretical foundations that explain why these crimes occurred and test those theoretical concepts by observing their behavior aspects. Criminological concepts help shape the response of society to crimes in terms of responding and preventing crimes after its occurrence. The concern of it was focused with the human moral relationship, values and moral status together with its non-human elements. It has become a new philosophical sub-discipline in the early 1970s; it was challenged by classical criminology. Foremost, it instigates the considered moral superiority of humanity to population of other people on the planet. Second, it examined the rational possibility of arguments for providing intrinsic value to the diversity of crimes and punishment elements (Guha, 1999) According to Attigod (2007) over the course of the past centuries, there were visible unrelenting levels of speculation in historical and contemporary literatures about crimes and punishments at the same time that worldwide issues and conflicts. Concurrent to these developments, there has been a new wave of interest directed toward the factors contributing to the development of modern criminology coming out from different aspects of living things through communications, specifically the twist in the valuation and judgment role in society or culture. A study conducted by Barry (2003), he presented that at the start of the new millennium, there were growing number of criteria that began to suggest crimes and punishment as a remedy to the state cauterized of society and culture. Yet, he questioned how can these criteria for works within the new cultural modalities of in the changing and reflexive dialogue and ambiguity? Interest was focused on the importance of providing a framework for understanding the development of crime and punishment. Included in those was the need for examining the education and skills that today students requires to be effective scholars and professionals over the course of their careers. That knowledge, firmly grounded in the present and the past, has guided their efforts to look into the future. Most of these authors do not consider themselves futurists, that is, specialists, speculating about the future. Instead, their effort here are the best appreciated as attempts to extent todays knowledge base modestly forward for a decade and a half and perhaps to influence those who are willing to make daring leaps (Barry, 2003). No matter how qualified experts may be, the rest remains that their musings about the criminology, may, at best, ignore significant issues or, at worst, be little more than fantasies. Careful selection of experts and the tension to detail to avoid such problems, but additional safeguard, also have been included. They began their efforts with general instructions in the intent and directions of the subject. The issues that were debated ranged from the extent to which the subject was best viewed as a direct extension of the present or as likely to mold by other influences to the crime and punishment, moral responsibilities for helping to shape the future (Attigod, 2007). Only some of many crimes that occur received intense attentions from the news media, law enforcement agencies, and the public. White collar crime gets least attention that its innermost costs warrant and arson is rarely the basis of news stories, official investigation and public fear. In recent years, two relatively uncommon forms of crimes serial homicide and the murder of children abducted by strangers, have dominated press reports on crime, television documentaries, police investigations, and popular attentions (Barry, 2003). During the 1980s, the issue of serial murder was established as major social problem, and the stereo typical serial killer become one of the best-known and the most widely feared social enemies. In each case, particular attention should be directed toward the identification of claims-makers, those individuals and groups who attempt to present an issue in a particular way. The study of such claims-makers is central to the constructionists approach to social problems in which the theoretical task is to study how members defines lodge and press claims; how they publicized their concerns, redefine the issue in question in the face of political obstacles, indifference or oppositions; how they enter in alliances which other claim makers (Agar, 2001). The development of the criminology shaped public perceptions of the serial murder problem, crimes, and the means claims and came to the establishment as authoritative. It will be suggested that such an exploration has important implications both for the framing of social problems, and for the study of mass media (James, 2003). The crime, punishment and justice were the philosophical focus of 19th and 20th century, the present criminological approach surfaced as an academic field and discipline in the 1970s. The rethinking and doubt about the human and crime relationship over the last three decades showed an already common perception in the early 1960s that the twentieth century presents with a population time bomb and a major crisis issue (Guha, 1999 Additionally, the historical derivatives of the crime and punishment are linked to overuse and abuse of human rights and nature by maintenance of the humans equality over all other forms of nature and life on earth and by perception of all was formed and created for the justice not only human beings but all form of life in the universe (Barry, 2003). The modern criminology is heavily influenced by ideology and politics, but those influences can be tempered by data. The collection and analysis of information about crime and criminals and about the criminal justice process will play an increasingly important rule in the future. Research, including evaluation studies, therefore becomes an essential component of providing services to the community (Agar, 2001). Such research serves as a foundation on which future policies and procedures can be evaluated and corrective measures taken to improve the delivery of services. In this way, research is more that heuristic. It is now an important ingredient in the process of completing the multiple tasks expected of criminology leaders (Attigod, 2007). The development of modern criminology faces different challenges and issues today, crimes, degradation of natural resources and destruction of human life are some of the issues regarding the subject. There is also destruction of some individual members of human groups and overpopulated species belong to indigenous group which is important for the preservation of our integrity. There are terrorists from different countries across the globe that continually practices heinous crimes to sustain their needs and goals that degrades the quality of human life. In natural settings, there are industries and mining company that utilized open pit mining in some environmental diverse area that causes global climate change. It is often discusses to be morally wrong for every human beings to deplete, destroy and harm any parts of the nature, human life and to large area of the earths natural resources (James, 2003). However, there are expert have asked crimes and justice should impact the places defined in which areas are to be restored, and have questioned over exactly which must be ecological features, terrorism, criminal features, etc. These issues are emerging in human societies, and then an issue also emerges over the laws of the nature and punishments that will show in them, and also of their combination into huge global, regional, political and economic field (Barry, 2003). The political, ethical, and legal confluences of arguments regarding the future of criminology is focused on the emergence of philosophical issues that concern with human rights, resources depletion and the argue over whether an human ethics would be anything new rather than a changes, extension or modification of current ethical philosophies were showed in wider political, environmental and social movements. Fields and areas such as feminism, deep ecology, and social theories are considered to have significant impact on the political development of positions regarding the environment. The importance of this factors impact to the peoples thinking about criminology and has been valued by many environmental scholars and philosophers (Attigod, 2007). Additionally, the focus on the value of justice and the importance of its conservation and preservation has viewed as another significant problem namely that lifestyles in which efforts for crimes and punishment can be valuable demand as a standard of lifestyle that is far across the perception of most of the worlds population. Current political conflicts and geographical differences provide significant challenges to the issue of crimes and justice, the world is now in general as it threatens to widen inequalities and affect human living systems. The justice and ethics is necessary as it involve the interference with the rights of humans and non-human living elements, particularly in relation to access to lifes critical to survival. It also contains questions concerned to whether human should leave considerations to other human to preserve for future generations. That is either of the main activities that are unethical and how their involvements in an activity to misinform the public about political changes in the past decades that have tarnished the environmental moral image (Abram, 1996).   In addition, there are report uses that unethical activities by many organizations were used as justification their strategic planning that will aid the industries. These issues must not only address its criminal and moral concern, but also obtain a global reputation of social corporate responsibility and secure justice viability in the future in spite of modern and new technologies that will underpin the change, social welfare, facilitates and economic development. In contrast, there must be appropriate attention to the development of appropriate law making bodies (Aris, 2008)   Linked between unequal human treatment, destruction of environmental, poverty and the economic situation of the world order have been argued by criminal scholars, political scientists, geographers, development theorists, and economists as well as by philosophers. Links between criminology and economics are well established particularly. I believe that the goal of modern criminology regarding the current political issues is to provide safe and complete set of environment for all living things around the world to improve quality of lives while decreasing impact of human rights depletion and supporting communities (Attigod, 2007). Due to the highly liquid nature of the securities and short maturities, international expansion and globalization of criminal concepts is perceived as a safe place to lock in justice. It serves as instruments characterised by high degree of safety of the principal. The successful implementation of these strategies by international organizations like UN provided more securities and opportunities; there are hundreds of required detailed decisions to accomplish the goal, such as police strategies, planning, judicial and police activities such as law making and amendments (Barry,2003) It is well known that the criminology system has a disproportionate effect on the poor and on minorities in the United States in that those in whom the coercive power of the state is vested are disproportionately white middle class. The integrity of this system of social control depends on its being fair and equitable. Where disparity exists, we must be certain that it is not the result of either deliberate or unintentional differences in the treatment of citizens. While the modern criminology cannot be expected to address inequities that may exist in the larger society, leaders should contribute to them. Leaders of the field must take responsibility for safeguarding the integrity of punishment system and for working toward the system whose employees are sensitive to the cultures of those caught up in it and served by it (Abram, 1996).   There are also effect directly address the national strategies of certain countries. For instance, very new law and public trust strategies adapt existing management have to controls the new technology and able to manipulate ideas to effectively undertake every present opportunities. Crimes and punishment agencies information has their own commercial organization with the automation of routine functions, specifically judicial and police functions. As technology and globalization become more influential and more effective, judicial and criminal justice strategy gain support in almost all countries and organizational processing. Organizations also emerging in the international treaty in this period, and have been constantly used to back up national strategies and communications (Aris, 2008). National communications have connected criminology and justice more closely to the host nation and law making bodies. The national efforts of different countries worldwide have their own continuity planning aligned with human rights. There is also a determination of national objectives, operations, logistics and development of these strategies, control and evaluation process in measuring the effectiveness of modern criminologys performance. The criminal aspects have been the direct responsibility of national government and peace keeping body, whereas top management is responsible for the implementation of strategic plans. The advantage of this idea includes the tendency to be detail line by line criminal punishment actions and legal considerations items with tactical approaches that concerned with the rationale used in national plan Moreover, the rate of crimes in different countries has dramatically increased which added some modern features to the development of criminology, international strategy have come to produce to gain influence over the nature and form of the modern organizations. Abreast with the increasing rate on technology and globalization is the increasing complexity and scale of national strategy. These figures added to motivate national strategy and technological strategic planning, as a means to produce the best feature for the country that realizes the best benefit from these laws and punishment accompanied by the concepts and theories in trade as well as the process to create large scale efforts to enter the international system (Barry, 2003). Much of what the modern criminology does can be seen as settling conflicts among citizens. Basic values justice and fairness are central to such system of social control. Anyone working in the punishment system has the obligation to explore such basic values to understand their importance in criminal justice and to understand their meaning and value to them as individuals. Those who work in the modern criminology system must be responsible for their part in that system. Lawyers must not tolerate in justice, the police must not accept brutality, and prison officials must be responsible for prison conditions. For that to be true, we cannot rely on citizens video cameras to exposed and correct the system. Everyone must appreciate the importance of values that make the modern criminology system credible (Aris, 2008). For the successful development of modern criminology and the rate of globalization increased into international scene for more opportunities. There are also hundreds of required detailed decisions to accomplish the goal. In these recent days, the world is experiencing through an epic proportions technological discontinuity, and most of the people us are not even totally prepared. The system paradigm of mass media and mass production is being interchanged by a one-to-one law system which is a new paradigm totally (Abram, 1996).   In developing new criminology strategy, it involves fact finding, analysis, generation of technical and management plan goals, and development of projects to realize these goals. The planning process makes use of tools of international law consulting agencies. From the point of view of sustainable international growth, the construction of national strategies against crimes has been notable international success. While on the criminology continues to mature, global and local law enforces and law making bodies are seeking for opportunities to advance the national interests in a highly competitive environment. This issue has been a subject of many studies and researches on crimes and punishment in these recent years. The idea of the future may seem like an abstraction, looking into it could seem little more than an intellectual exercise. But there are also more practical applications. In personal terms, we can talk about our individual features or, more specifically, our careers in the field of criminal justice. From that perspective, development of criminology involves identifying the types of knowledge and skills that will be needed in 15 or 20 years. That is, preparing for the future means acknowledging that the jobs available today maybe very different tomorrow and that you must prepare not only for your first job in the field that also for leadership positions in the future (Abram, 1996).   In addition, the political abilities of leaders in the criminology field are strengthened by analytical abilities. Never before have these skills been as necessary as they are today and will continue to be, and never before has the capacity to develop these skills been so close at hand. The technological revolution of the 1980s and early 1990s has put computers in nearly every work city. Criminology is a public enterprise. In its most basic form, it involves exercise of coercive powers on behalf of the people. Leaders of the criminology organizations will have to commit themselves to the principles of democracy that is, the openness and to debate over public policy. When police make arrests or when a state executes an offender, it is done on behalf of the citizenry. It is incumbent on those would lead the field to be certain that the citizenry is informed thoughtful in its understanding and expectations of criminal justice policy. This means educating the public about criminal justice in being tolerant of those who would hide the business of justice from their community (Agar, 2001). Along with the need for increased awareness and appreciation of analytical capabilities, there was also a need for those in modern criminology system to have a thorough understanding of the philosophical foundation of the criminal justice system. That includes an understanding of the philosophical positions regarding the roots of crime as well as typical positions regarding justice and fairness in the behavior of individuals and in the process of crimes and punishment (Abram, 1996).   Contemporary views of criminality now stress the integration of both classically oriented assumptions about freewill with more positivistic notions on the etiology of crime. This more modern view requires the acceptance of a new set of assumptions about the nature of crime, the role of the state in the definition of crime, and different implication for crime control. Now, more than ever in the past, research has forced the modern criminology to examine importance of both individual choice and deterministic influences on the cause of crime. Being aware of the importance of pour assumptions about crime allows as to construct policies that are not only more effective, but also more equitable (Aiklo, 2004). Additionally, there are studies focused on patterns of the strategic criminal investigations among its criminals and its importance for the effectiveness of its management plan utilized by the corporation. To have a stronger potential to impact the organizational structure, management, strategies and modern criminology effectiveness compared to its members (Abram, 1996).   Diversity among every people and local situation has become an increasingly more important issue to every organization, people, and organizational productivity. Effective patterns will most likely attract more effective justice; criminal system will also be increased (Aiklo, 2004). In order to minimize the negative effects, if present, the system must ensure that the criminal strategy applied provides the maximum strategic benefit to the citizenry and requires further evolution. These strategies must also be assigned with value in supporting organizational goals; the efficient management of this value can provide greater benefit to the organization (Agar, 2001). The standing/ situation of modern criminology strategies affected by the globalization are studied; the perceptions in the application of these factors affecting the development are also evaluated. After the examination of institutional setting in which these problem occurred, data are collected and found out that changes in the responsibilities inherent in a specific criminal plan of actions, changes in the management strategies and plans required for the proper promotion and as well as the changes in plan prerogatives and effective communication are strongly enhanced by the expansion to international market (Agar, 2001). The impact of their the new system of modern criminology are currently examined and therefore determined that there are significant changes had occurred in the number of factors in the characteristics of judicial planning, in the number and size of the population and in the nature of the crime committed (Aiklo, 2004). These factors discussed are usually implicit in the development of modern criminology, as many organizations and national institutions constructs already exists with the ongoing activities. These factors command and control loop that is present in most existing mechanisms in the world of criminology. These features are effective tools that may be used by any organizations to aid in more effective crime and punishment development in any social settings (Attigod, 2007). Conclusions: Development of Modern criminology is required to facilitate the necessary integration of these judicial and punishment activities so that law enforcer efforts for peace and order are effectively directed and controlled. In these current economic situations the nations and the worlds strategy may be involved planning at several levels of criminology structure. Factors affecting the strategic decision making process of a nation and law making bodies may be the proper developing and maintaining of strategic fit between the punishment and its opportunities. To facilitate growth, the effective integration of methods and philosophies must involve the selection of a tactics to implement punishment and to reach defined goals. Judicial planning differs from other legislative planning in several ways. The plan must involved efficient strategic punishment systems that focus on long term directions and goals. The criminal aspects must have been the direct responsibility of national government and peace keeping body, whereas top management is responsible for the implementation of strategic plans. The advantage of this idea includes the tendency to be detail line by line criminal punishment actions and legal considerations items with tactical approaches that concerned with the rationale used in national plan. One disadvantage of this idea is that the citizens need to adopt a perspective that integrates the proper orientation of laws with tactical benefits of having peace environment. These factors affecting the development of modern criminology s et central commitments for morally responsive concerns, peaceful environment and defined how it can contribute to sustainable growth of the society. The development of the modern criminology builds theoretical foundations that explain why these crimes occurred and test those theoretical concepts by observing their behavior aspects. Criminological concepts help shape the response of society to crimes in terms of responding and preventing crimes after its occurrence

Alias in Philippine Province Essay

Aklan – oldest province Angono, Rizal – town of artists Antipolo City – picnic area Apalit, Pampanga – tapayan capital Baclayon Church, Bohol – oldest stone church Bacolod City – city of smiles Bacolor, Pampanga – country’s capital in 1762-1763 Baguio City – summer capital Balabac Island, Palawan – land of Philippine mouse deer Baliuag, Bulacan – the first town to have election Banaue Rice Terraces – stairways to the sky Barasoain Church – headquarters of the Malolos Congress Basey, Samar – town of mat festival Batanes – smallest province; northernmost province Bataan – last stronghold during Japanese occupation Biak na Bato, San Miguel, Bulacan – site of the Biak na Bato republic Binondo – known for Chinatown district Bocaue, Bulacan – firecrackers’ capital Bohol – land of chocolate hills Boracay Island – world’s finest beach resort Bulacan – land of heroes and beautiful women Bukidnon – pineapple country Calamba, Laguna – birthplace of Jose Rizal Calamian Islands – land of Calamian deer Calauit Island, Palawan – animal sanctuary Camiguin – land of volcanoes Capiz – seafood capital Catanduanes – land of howling winds Cebu City – premiere city in the south Central Luzon – rice bowl Corregidor Island – island fortress; the rock Crisologo Street, Vigan – kamestizoan district Davao City- world’s largest city; durian capital Davao Oriental – easternmost province Divisoria – bargain capital Donsol, Sorsogon – sanctuary of whale sharks Gapan, Nueva Ecija – newest city General Santos City – most competitive city; tuna capital Guiginto, Bulacan – cutflower capital Guimaras – mango capital Hundred Islands, Pangasinan – actually composed of 400 islets Iligan City – land of waterfalls Intramuros, Manila – walled city Kabayan, Benguet – land of mummies Kalibo, Aklan – land of ati-atihan Kawit, Cavite – first independent town Laguna – resort province Laguna de Bay – largest lake Lanao del Sur – center of Islam Las Pinas City – land of the bamboo organ Lipa, Batangas – coffee capital Lubao, Pampanga – the birthplace of Diosdado Macapagal Lucban, Quezon – Pahiyas town Luzon – world’s 17th largest island Magallanes, Agusan del Norte – site of the oldest tree Makati City – financial center Malolos, Bulacan – site of the First Philippine Republic Manila – capital city Maria Cristina Falls, Iligan City – mother of industry Marikina City – shoe capital Mexico, Pampanga – formerly known as Masicu Meycauayan, Bulacan – jewelry capital Miag-ao Church, Iloilo – fortress church Mindanao – world’s 19th largest island Mindoro – land of the tamaraws Mount Apo – highest peak Mount Arayat – legendary home of Mariang Sinukuan Mount Mayon – a volcano with nearly perfect cone Nayong Pilipino – Philippines in miniature. (The theme park was opened in 1972 and closed on June 25, 2002. ) Negros Occidental – sugar capital; sports capital Pagsanjan Falls – Philippines’ el dorado Palawan – the last frontier; largest province; westernmost province Pampanga – culinary capital of Luzon Paete, Laguna – town of wood carvers Paoay Church, Ilocos Norte – earthquake baroque Paombong, Bulacan – vinegar capital Philippine Deep – world’s second deepest spot Philippines – pearl of the orient Rio Grande de Cagayan – longest river Romblon – marble country San Agustin Church, Intramuros – oldest church in Luzon San Fernando, Pampanga – lantern capital of the world San Juanico Bridge – longest suspension bridge San Sebastian Church – the only steel church in Asia Siargao Island – perfect waves island Spratleys – the islands claimed by six countries Sta. Maria, Bulacan – egg nest of the Philippines Sta. Maria Church, Ilocos Sur – outstanding example of Spanish baroque architecture Subic Freeport – American town Taal Volcano – world’s smallest volcano Tagaytay City – the next summer capital Tangub City – Christmas symbol capital Tawi-Tawi – southernmost province Trinidad Valley – land of strawberry and vegetables Tubbataha Marine Park – world’s richest bio-geographic area   Unisan, Quezon – oldest town University of San Carlos, Cebu City – oldest university Vigan, Ilocos Sur – Spanish colonial town Zamboanga Sibugay – newest province

Albert Bandura’s Works Regarding Psychology

Albert Bandura was born on December 4, 1925, in Mundare, a small town in Alberta, Canada (Boeree 2006). His father, who was a labourer, originally came from Poland while his mother, who worked in a general store, was from Ukraine.Albert was the youngest among six children. Although the whole family had no access to formal education, they gave importance to education. The father learned to read three languages: Polish, Russian and German and engaged in educational affairs.At a very young age, Bandura experienced difficulties in his education. He attended the only school in his town, which lacked teachers and resources for learning.The school had only one Mathematics textbook, for instance, and it had to be used by the students and teachers as well. But although this was the case, the school produced graduates who attended colleges and universities throughout the world. Bandura realized that the scarcity of educational resources was an enabling factor rather than a handicapping one (Bo eree 2006).During vacations, his parents would encourage him to look for experiences outside their small hamlet. Bandura experienced working as a carpenter in a furniture manufacturing plant. The skills he acquired helped him through college. He also worked as a part-time carpenter during afternoons during his college days, and even filled holes in the Alaska Highway.Bandura then attended the University of British Columbia where he took up psychology. He intended to major in one of the biological sciences, but then he worked in the afternoons to be able to support his studying. He found out that taking introductory psychology would fill his schedule in the mornings. He became enthralled and then decided to concentrate on psychology. He finished his education within three years receiving a Bolocan Award in psychology.His accidental choice of psychology influenced his theorizing later on. He discussed in his â€Å"The Psychology of Chance Encounters and Life Paths† how personal initiative can put people into events wherein unexpected events shape the courses that lives take(Pajares, 2004). Bandura also focused on making chance work through self-development to take advantage of fortuitous opportunities (Pajares, 2004).Social Learning TheoryAlbert Bandura is one of the leading proponents of the Social Learning Theory (Ormrod, 1999). This theory says that people learn from one another and focuses on the leaning which occurs within a social context. It also says that concepts such as observational learning, modeling and imitation are learned from around us (Ormrod, 1999).These are the principles of the Social Learning Theory (Ormrod, 1999).. First is that people can learn through observation of the behaviour of other people and its outcomes. Another principle is that, since learning comes from observation alone, it can occur without a change in the behaviour. This is what the social learning theorists believed. This is in contrast to what the behaviorists bel ieved. For them, there must be a permanent change in behaviour if learning took place.The third principle says that cognition has an important part in learning. Ormrod (1999) explained that awareness and expectations of reinforcements or punishments may influence the behaviours of people. The fourth principle says that social learning theory bridges the cognitive learning theories and behaviourist learning theories.Albert Bandura’s ideas also lead to the observational learning, based on the principles discussed above. He made experiments and found out that applying consequences was not compulsory for learning to happen. A person can learn just by observing someone else.He then devised a four-step pattern for the findings of his experiments. These are the attention, retention, reproduction and motivation (Ormrod, 1999). Attention happens when a person becomes aware of something from around him. It includes modeled events, such as affective valence, prevalence, complexity and d istinctiveness, among others, and observer characteristics, such as past reinforcement and sensory capacities (Bandura, 1977). Retention is when the person retains what he noticed.This includes motor rehearsal and symbolic coding, among others. Reproduction happens when the produces acts with regards to what he noticed. This includes accuracy of feedback, physical capabilities and self-observation of reproduction. Motivation, on the other hand, takes place when the surroundings carry a consequence that will change the probability that the behaviour will be produced again (Huitt, 2004). It includes reinforcement (external and vicarious), and punishment (Bandura, 1977).Aside from this, Bandura believes that the learning process takes place with a contribution from the mind, behaviour and environment.One of Bandura’s famous psychological experiments was the Bobo Doll Experiment which solidified his beliefs regarding learned aggression and behaviour modeling. Bandura made a film of a female student of his beating a Bobo doll. A Bobo doll is an egg-shaped, inflatable balloon creature that bounced back when knocked down. The young woman punched, kicked, yelled and hit the doll. Bandura then showed the film to kindergartners.After watching the film, the children were placed in a room full of the same toys they saw on the film. There were Bobo dolls and small hammers around. Bandura’s findings showed that the children were violent towards the doll 88% of the time (â€Å"Albert Bandura, n.d.). In short, the children imitated what the woman in the film did.However, an article by Huitt (2004) showed that the children watched a film wherein another child acted aggressively towards a Bobo doll. It had three different endings. The first ending was that the child was praised for his behaviour.The second was that the child was not allowed to play with the toys and to just sit in a corner. The third ending consisted of the child walking out of the room. After th en, the children were placed in the room and were observed. This experiment became the basis for the Social Learning Theory.Bandura also believed that most of our behaviour is learned by observation through modeling. He also believed that when we observe other people, it gives us an idea of how new behaviours are carried out, and this can be our guide for action (Bandura, 1977).Personality DevelopmentAlbert Bandura also has contributions in personality development. He believes that personality is an interaction among environment, behaviour and the human’s psychological processes (Boeree, 2006).He also believes that in studying a theory of personality, the social contexts where behaviour is acquired and maintained must be considered. This is in support of his social learning theory, which says that our behaviour is developed. Bandura believed that humans regulate and think of their own behaviour (â€Å"Albert Bandura,† 2000).According to the theory of personality, oneâ €™s environment causes one’s behaviour (Boeree, 2006). Whatever happens around us can affect us and thus affect our behaviour.Bandura believes in his social learning theory that social experience, reciprocal determinism and observational learning have important roles in the development of our personality. He also believes that the self-system of a human is composed of his abilities, attitudes and cognitive skills. In turn, a person’s self-system helps him in the way he perceives different situations and acts according to that situation.Bandura also believes that self-efficacy is important for one’s self-system. Self-efficacy, for him, is â€Å"the belief that in one’s capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations (1995, p.2). In short, self-efficacy is how one can function well in a given situation.In an article about Bandura’s personality theory, it showed that changing the expectation of personal efficacy can bring change in behaviour. Changing efficacy expectations can be done in four ways: enactive, persuasive, vicarious and physiological information experience. Those who have behavioural problems can cope by making changes in personal efficacy expectations (â€Å"Albert Bandura,† 2000).The concept of self-efficacy became important as it has an impact from psychological states to behaviour and to motivation. People are aware that they can set their goals for whatever they want to achieve, and the things that they want changes. But, we also know that most of the time, doing these things is not so simple. This is where Bandura found out that self-efficacy can help in how people should approach their goals, challenges and tasks.For those who have strong self-efficacy, they think that challenges are tasks to be overcome. They also foster interest in the things that they want to accomplish. Moreover, as their interest deepens, their commitment also deepens. And if there were disappointments, they can easily recover.On the other hand, people who have weak self-efficacy are the opposite. They do not like challenges as they believe that they cannot go through difficult situations. They also tend to dwell on their failures and the negative outcomes of their actions. Additionally, they lose trust and confidence in their abilities (Bandura, 1994).According to Kear (2000), self-concept, cognitive processes and control are the primary characteristics of self-efficacy. The sense of self is developed through the experiences and interactions with other people. The author added that our self-concept contains beliefs and values and attitudes that we have learned and developed through time. When there is self-regulation, we can have a positive self-concept amidst interactions.Control, on the other hand, focuses on two things: self-actualization and locus of control. Self-actualization, Kear (2000) explained, builds when a person has confidence in a suc cessful performance. Locus of control, on the other hand, focuses on causal belief about outcome determination.   

Overruled essays

Overruled essays Tonight I saw the play Overruled by George Bernard Shaw. It was absolutely charming! I was so impressed by the ascents they used and the dialect they developed for each of their characters. All of the actors seemed very well rehearsed and prepared for the roles they undertook. They all had direct actions and used the given circumstances to up the ante and increase the very funny dramatic tension. The one thing that I was struck with when I walked away for the theater was the fact that the actors had such chemistry with one another. They really were talking and listening to each other. It seemed as if every decision made, as characters, was for the first time. All the characters actually looked as if they were thinking on stage. As an audience member I was actually able to see each of the actors thought process on stage. It was amazing to see how the actors interacted with each other in such a comical yet serious way. I know that seems like an oxymoron but these actors were saying extremely humorous lines with such a straight face and with such dramatic tension. The whole play was ironic seeing that two couples, in the same predicament, fell in love with each others spouses. I really enjoyed the plot of the play and the way that tension was built and then released and then built again. I was also impressed by how Dennis Mosley played such a contrasting character from his role in Enrico. I was impressed by his versatility as an actor to switch dialect and actual type of play all together. I know that this is not a critique on Overruled but I was impressed to be able to see an actor switch into such a different and diverse role. It proved how acting really is based upon actions and trying to overcome certain objectives in the play. It also showed me that you really can put everything on the other person to achieve what you need and create a reachable action. I believe all the actors in th...

essays

Angelina Jolie an icon to gay/ essays Over the last century, queer roles have transcended through numerous changes in Hollywood. On the forefront of Hollywood during the 1930s, queer roles in film were looked upon as transgressions against society and humanity. At this particular point in history, the studios took great liberty at hiding behind the newly formed Motion Picture Production Code. The code was developed due to studio heads recognition of the high trust and good judgment clause placed in their hands by moviegoers and society. Upon this recognition, Hollywood understood their responsibility to the public as demonstrating the utmost moralistic behaviors and attitudes in their films. During the rapid transition from silent films to audio enhanced pictures, Hollywood promoted entertainment in films over meaning in films that dealt with dramatic issues. This type of censored filmmaking continued into the late sixties. In reference to gays and lesbians, film studios were prohibited any sympathetic depictions of queers. As to avoid displaying any sympathetic portrayals, queer characters were often depicted as isolated, perverted, abnormal individuals. Also, it was not uncommon for queers to be subject to harsh punishment, torture or even death. Studios hoped these images and depictions of gay and lesbian characters sent a severe message to the audience about the sinfulness of homosexuality. As time has progressed queer roles have went from career threatening to trendy and now to even career heightening. Has our culture developed so rapidly over the last sixties years? This is a very difficult question to answer. Although, gay and lesbian characters and films have become more mainstream then ever, there is still a feeling of less then equality in the representation of these characters. Television has made major strides in the realm of queer characters but character developed is severely lacking. The television show, Ellen, is the most notable in t...

Long-Term Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Long-Term Care - Essay Example s go through all the available information about the medical problem in question, including the treatment options and the consequences, and then consider how these fit with the patient’s preferences for health states and health outcomes (Hibbard, 2003). A study by â€Å"McKinsey & Company† found that employees were more likely to change their behavior and shop for treatment alternatives, but they were frustrated by the lack of information available to help them make these decisions (Agrawal, Ehrbeck, Packard & Mango, 2005). Patients would communicate with others who are experiencing the same condition through online chat rooms and support groups. They may want information about a physician’s bedside manner. Subjectivity is important in health care, as it is in most other intimate personal relationships (Agrawal, Ehrbeck, Packard & Mango, 2005). The growing demand and the desire for more choices have fueled an increase in competition within the field of long-term care, which has created a need for more efficiency and effectiveness. Providers have been forced to enter into the world of public relations, marketing and business, which led to generating a whole industry specialized in health care. It has, at the educational level, led to development of graduate programs in business but with specialty in health administration. All this development happened with the purpose of creating more efficient professionals who could deal with current trends in health care and stay one step ahead in competition (Study Notes, n.d., pp. 1-2). Consumers’ involvement in their care has created a transcendental effect at many levels and it will continue to impact the health care industry. The trend started with the baby boomers (those born from 1946 to 1964) lifting the expectations and putting considerable pressure on those who provide the services (Study Notes, n.d., p. 2). The demand for services will continue rather than drop off not only because the baby boomers are creating

FINAL EXAM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

FINAL EXAM - Essay Example According to the declaration of independence, all people are equal and created free. As such, they have the same natural rights. Thus, legitimate governments should be formed by the approval of the people who are being governed. Consequently, these legitimate governments should therefore secure and guard these rights. The declaration of independence brought to the fore a unanimous decision made by thirteen colonies to dis engage themselves from Britain. However, the most significant element of the declaration of independence since its inception was its declaration that political legitimacy was determined by people. As such, it appealed and advocated for equal rights for all people. Therefore, the meaning of the declaration of independence transcends both circumstances and time. The declaration of independence possesses three vital parts; the preamble, a list of accusations/charges brought against Britain’s king George II and the conclusion. Although the document justifies a re volutionary war, its bases its arguments on universal reason which are in line with laws of nature and of nature’s God. Additionally, the arguments respect opinions of people. The document is guided by its basic principles which include: self-evident truths; the document bases the American government on some self-evident truths like human equality and other unalienable rights. Self-evident truths transcend time, nations and circumstances. Secondly, rights of the people are acknowledged to produce legal governments. Thus, race, heredity, religion or wealth cannot justify government legitimacy. Equality is another third principle of the document. American government is basically about liberty and rights. However, these rights originate from all men being equal. Fourth, the purpose of happiness implies that a legitimate government should guard the unalienable rights such as liberty and life. Human happiness implies that the person or people live their lives to

Causes and Effects in Zeitoun Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Causes and Effects in Zeitoun - Essay Example Zeitoun, as Abdulrahman is addressed in the novel, remains in the city during the storm away from his family. His experience at sea gives him an insight into his present and he knows he has been chosen for this task. The Hurricane Katrina in particular plays a vital role as it affects the lives of many characters especially Zeitoun’s. Being away from family Zeitoun struggles in the sunken city with his canoe helping people out of the mess the storm had caused and checking on his properties. Kathy meanwhile is under great pressure from her relatives who show no respect for her religious practices such as her â€Å"hijab† and urge her to have pork. Without Zeitoun she is all alone with her children in what may seem to be a hurricane, much greater than Katrina. Zeitoun continues working hard making himself available as much as he could, feeding abandoned dogs and helping the others in need. He feels that this is a task that God has deliberately put him in so he should give it his best shot. If the storm did not occur, he would have been united with his family trying to cope with their personal issues. The hurricane brought with it a test for the people of New Orleans and exposed the brutalities of the government. Kathy manages to escape from her relatives and goes to live with her Muslim friends in Phoenix with her children. Kathy and Zeitoun talk to each other through a phone connection that is still working in one of their properties. The calls suddenly stop to Kathy’s surprise and she does not hear from her husband for many days thinking he has died. Then she learns that Zeitoun and three of his friends have been arrested. Unfortunately they were accused of being terrorists. Zeitoun receives this favor from the government for helping people in the hard time during the hurricane and the brutality which follows leaves the readers to wonder what wrong Zeitoun had done to deserve such a treatment. â€Å"The country he had left thirty years ago had been a realistic place. There were political realities there, then and now, that precluded blind faith†¦ always, would work out fairly and equitably. But he had come to believe such things in the United States. Things had worked out. Difficulties had been overcome. He had worked hard and achieved success. The machinery of government functioned. †¦--the policy, the military, the prisons--that was meant to protect people like him was devouring anyone who got close.† (Egger 2010) The politics and nature seem to be working so closely in the novel that one wonders if both were part of the same plot. The hurricane and the war on terror coincided in the United States so much so that both took the lives of the innocents some way or the other. Zeitoun is forced to stay in a Guantanamo-style jail behind a bus station where he is suspected and informed by the guards that he is a terrorist; a piece of information that he himself is surprised to hear. On being returned to hi s family he looks like â€Å"a sad old man† who has lost nearly twenty pounds of weight. Zeitoun still believes that God had His way of testing him (Egger 2010). The test seems to be a two-way deal. It did not only test a random Syrian painting contractor who lived in New Orleans, it also tested the nation’s ability to protect its own people. The story of Zeitoun spells the sorry state of affairs that the nation was undergoing. What remains a mystery

Qualitative Research Proposal Essay Example for Free

Qualitative Research Proposal Essay For my field research observation site I chose the flea market (la pulga) located in Alamo, Texas. I chose this specific site because in our Mexican American culture families tend to go there to buy cheap merchandise. Although many people go there many of the things they buy there can or is related to crime. I chose this flea market because it is close to home and there are usually a high number of people there during the weekends. There were a number of issues with this place, but there were two who stood out above the rest. The main points were: do people realize that by buying certain objects they are committing a crime, and also is law enforcement doing anything to prevent these types of crimes from happening. There are mainly two types of individuals who go to these places. The first types of people who go to these places are mainly Mexican American. There is not one age group that stands out above the rest since Mexican American groups. Mexican American individuals tend to visit these places as a family. The second types of people are mainly Winter Texans. A rough estimate from my observation would be that Winter Texas are 30% middle aged (45-60), and 70% elderly. Winter Texans mainly go as couples and are usually there just pass time; Mexican Americans on the other hand are there because they want to buy cheap objects. Research Question or Topic My research questions are: 1. Are people well informed that purchasing pirated DVDs is a crime? 2. What is law enforcement doing to prevent these crimes from happening? Literature Review Bibliography One of the academic journals I found out to be possibly the most interesting out of my whole research was the one dealing with the piracy of CDs/DVDs. This journal does not only talk about the piracy of media, but also about the replicator, the user, and the technology used. It explains how the replicator uses computer software to copy the media and how it gets to the market from there. It talks about the types of users who buy the product and it also talks about the technology being enforced to make it harder and in some cases impossible for the replicator to create a copy of the media. Even though this journal is out there it still seems that some people are unaware of the consequences with the replication of this media, and also the problem it can cause in our society. One of the main points the article describes is whether copy-protection work or not. The answer to this question is that there is copy protection on DVDs which makes it harder for anyone to copy media, but since pirates (replicators) don’t play by the rules there are still some ways to bypass the copy-protection. Research done in this journal- 1. Copyright 2. Product Counterfeiting 3. Manufacturing Processes 4. Anti-counterfeiting Measures 5. Replicators 6. Users of the Pirated DVDs The second article I found is called Factor that Influence the Piracy of DVD/VCD Motion Pictures. Basically the title says what the article is about. It explain some of the major factors that cause people to burn these DVDs, and factors that cause people to buy them. The article says that people tend to buy these DVDs because of the cost benefit. This means that people are getting DVDs way cheaper than if you were to go and buy the real one at an actual store. The author’s findings are also used to support the social norms used to make an effort to stop the piracy of this media. Research done in this article- 1. Copyright Infringement 2. Pirated Video Recordings 3. Piracy 4. Empirical Research 5. Motion Picture Industry 6. Bootlegging and Methodology aspects The last article I read was talking about the structure about an American flea market. There are differences between flea markets up North and flea markets here in the valley. One of the most obvious differences would be the people that go to the flea markets. The article talks about the types of people that go to the flea market. It talks about the economic effect a flea market has on society. It talks about the behaviors of the buyers and sellers in a flea market. The research in this article was done by surveys across different flea markets and on the consumers in those flea markets. Not only were these studies done on U.S. flea markets they were also done on different countries for example Mexico. Research done in this article – 1. Flea Markets 2. Marketing 3. Case Studies 4. Economic Activity 5. Consumer Behavior 6. Business Cycle 7. Sociocultural Factors My Three Sources Block, D. (1997), CD?DVD/piracy:the replicator, the user, and the technology. Emedia Professional, 10, 92. Chih-Chein, W. (2005). Factors that Influence the Piracy of DVD/VCD Motion Pictures. Journal Of American Academy Of Business, Cambridge, 6(1), 231-237. Sherry Jr., J. F. (1990). A Sociocultural Analysis of a Midwestern American Flea Market. Journal Of Consumer Research, 17(1), 13-30 Research Design Step 1 Prepare myself by doing some background research on the site I am preparing to observe. Be prepared for anything that may come my way, and be prepared for opportunities that may arise while doing my research. I need to go organized and possibly focus on one point of interest. Need to prepare my looking and listing skills since they are essential for any field researcher. Go prepare to do constant writing since it is one of the most useful way of recording data. Step 2 Gain access to enter the observation site, in my case I don’t think it is a problem since it is open to the public. Other sites have different important sections but in a flea market everything is together so I just have to worry about getting inside. I need to get involved in normal activities to make myself unnoticeable and look like an everyday customer. Perhaps buy merchandise or other things regular customers do. Step 3 By looking as a customer I can build trust with the people working in this area, and this way they can go on doing their job like they normally do, and this can help me observe them in their normal working routine. Step 4 While walking around the site I can record anything I find to be deviant or criminal, in my case I found the distribution of illegal DVD copies. I’ll observe from afar, learn and record anything else. I have to make my findings very detailed this way I don’t miss anything of importance that can later help me answer my question, and this way I won’t have to return for small doubts I may have. Record any conversations I may have had with any of the people there. Step 5 Finally after I am done gathering data I just exit the observation site I just exit the site and start compiling my data. Step 6 After putting my data and getting a better understanding of my observation site. With a better understanding of what happens in the site I will be able to put together a detailed survey or interview questions. Of course the survey or interview will be anonymous and have to make sure the customer knows this. You need to make the customer know that the research is anonymous because if not the person might put false data and the data will be inaccurate. Step 7 After conducting all my research I can put together a conclusion and determine what it means. I’ll ask myself questions for example did I find the answer my questions, was my hypothesis correct, and is there more research to be done. The conclusion has to be precise this way if a person is interested in the same topic they will have all the information they need. Step 8 This is how will conduct my research and hopefully get a good grade on this assignment, if not I will need some research on how I can do better.

Essay --

Ted Bundy was born on November 24, 1946 in Burlington, Vermont. He was famous for being a well-known American serial killer. Bundy murdered numerous young women and girls during the 1970s. He is said to have murdered 36 young women and girls that have spanned across four states. The biggest question in anyone’s mind would be why would such a person do something so heinous and horrendous? According to psychologists Bundy’s to have had multiple theories on his motive. This essay will look at two of those theories which are Necrophilia, and Antisocial Personality Disorder. The first theory is that Bundy was driven to kill in order to satisfy his urge to have sex with dead bodies. The second theory is that he had antisocial personality disorder which devoids this person from feeling a lack of remorse or guilt. Theory one suggests that Bundy was a necrophiliac. That is, he was someone who needed to have sex with dead bodies in order to fulfill a deep urge. According to Dr. Robert Keppel a psychologist who interviewed Bundy, â€Å"It was the one part of his criminal behavior that truly embarrassed him because, as ugly as it was, it satisfied him sexually†. Serial killers get pleasure from different elements of a murder (Keppel, 2010). â€Å"All of Bundy’s lures, traps, and murders all came secondary to his sexual satisfactions at having a dumpsite where his victims would wait for him in silent decay†. Bundy would feign an injury, to help attract young women to help him to his car. Once the women were by his car, that’s when he would make his move of attacking the women and rendering them unconscious (Hinchliffe, 2011). In one instance Bundy seized a young girl and took her into a wooded area where he intended to rape and release her but ended ... ...RESSION OR ANGER; THEY ARE TRYING TO FILL AN EMPTINESS IN THEIR SOULS: [Final Edition]. TO HAVE AND TO KILL SEXUAL SERIAL KILLERS AREN'T ACTING OUT RANDOM BURSTS OF DEPRESSION OR ANGER; THEY ARE TRYING TO FILL AN EMPTINESS IN THEIR SOULS: [Final Edition]. Michaud, S., & Aynsworth, H. (1990). Ted Bundy: Conversations with a Killer. Signet. Rule, A. (2009). The Stranger Beside Me . Nrew York: Pocket Books . Staff, M. C. (2011, November 4). Narcissistic personality disorder. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/narcissistic-personality-disorder/DS00652 Vorvick L. MD. & Merrill D.B. MD (November, 2010) Antisocial personality disorder. Sociopathic personality; Sociopathy; Personality disorder – antisocial. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA.

Macbeth- Ambition

Macbeth’s ambition is a driving force throughout the play that eventually leads to his downfall. In act one there are many situations where ambition is suggested to be Macbeths fatal flaw. Macbeth is made Thane of Cawdor immediately after the strange witches’ prophecies. In this is scene the asides allow the viewer a glimpse of his ambition to become king. Macbeths aside â€Å"This supernatural soliciting/ Cannot be ill, cannot be good. If ill, Why hath it given me earnest of success, / Commencing in a truth? I am Thane of Cawdor. If good. Why do I yield to that suggestion/ Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair, / And make my seated hear knock at my ribs† demonstrates his ambitious nature as his immediate solution is to kill the king to ensure the prophecy comes true. This shows Macbeth is willing to give up everything if it means he has a chance at becoming king. He knows if caught he will end up killed. Macbeth knows what he will do is wrong â€Å"Why do I yie ld to that suggestion† but he gives into his own ambition, leading to his downfall.Lady Macbeth also has a hand in making sure Macbeth acts on his desire to become king essay writer pay. When she receives the letter she fears Macbeth humanity will win out over his ambition as displayed in the quote, â€Å"Yet do I fear thy nature,/ It is too full o’ th’ milk of human kindness/Thou wouldst be great,/ Art not without ambition, but without / The illness should attend it. †. The use of the word ‘milk’ is closely associated with babies and the colour white, both symbols for innocence and purity.It is important to note that Lady Macbeth thinks of Macbeth as being innocent and pure, considering his change in nature further on in the play, largely related to Lady Macbeth tying her ambitions with his to insure her cruelty and lack of purity over powers his. By doing so Macbeths ambition for power takes away his humanity, leaving power crazed tyrant. An other piece of evidence to support that ambition is Macbeths fatal flaw is that he admits and foreshadows is own downfall caused by his ambition, â€Å"I have no spur/ To prick the sides of my intent, but only/ Vaulting ambition, which o’erleaps itself/ And falls on the other†.The metaphor, â€Å"I have no spur/ To prick the sides†¦Ã¢â‚¬  creates imagery as if he is the horse and ambition is what will push im him forward, although he knows he will go too far and it will fall down onto him. Macbeth foreshadowing his downfall caused by his ambitious nature is what reinforces the idea that his fatal flaw is ambition. The examples of Macbeths having ambition associated with his eventual death are not only admitted by Macbeth himself, but also by Lady Macbeth. Macbeths own ambition is what drives him to finally commit numerous murders, signing his own death warrant at the same time making amibition Macbeths fatal flaw.